Produced at the height of Hollywood's 1930s horror obsession, Mad Love (1935) was one of the first psychological horror films, as well as the first American film for German actor Peter Lorre, who accepted the lead after Claude Rains rejected it. Although Lorre shaved his head for the role, the actor did not break from typecasting in his portrayal of a surgeon who enjoys viewing guillotine executions and is becoming mentally unglued over his fixation on a Grand Guignol actress named Orlac (Frances Drake). In the 1970s, film critic Pauline Kael attributed much of Toland's later brilliance in Citizen Kane (1941) to the influence of his earlier work on Mad Love. Oddly, Freund never directed again, though he served as cinematographer on many classic films, not the least of which were The Good Earth (1937) and Key Largo (1948).