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Rudolf Arnheim was an early film theoretician who wrote several seminal books on film theory that are still considered mandatory reading. He was born in Berlin and educated at the University of Berlin. In 1940, he came to the U.S. and six years later became a citizen. He has taught at Sarah Lawrence College and at the University of California, Berkeley for many years. His best-known books on cinema are Film (1933) and Art and Visual Perception (1954).